Useful Articles, Papers, and Essays
Studies & Papers
| Title | Category | Notes | Link |
Moral Status And The Treatment of DID |
personhood |
Source on arguing that headmates are people, backtracks in denial at the insitutionalized cruelty and makes the opposite conclusion at the end |
|
Six-year Follow-up of the Treatment of Patients With Dissociative Disorders Study |
integration |
Source on Low Integration Success Rates(12.8%). |
|
Can the DSM-5 differentiate between nonpathological possession and dissociative identity disorder? A case study from an Afro-Brazilian religion |
nondisordered, endogenic |
Paper talks about nondisordered & spiritual plurality |
|
Tracking the tulpa |
tulpamancy, history |
Paper talks about the origins of the word 'tulpa' |
|
Tulpas and Mental Health: A Study of Non-Traumagenic Plural Experiences |
tulpamancy, endogenic, nondisordered |
Paper talks about tulpamancy improving practitioner's lives |
|
Critiquing the Requirement of Oneness over Multiplicity: An Examination of Dissociative Identity (Disorder) in Five Clinical Texts |
nondisordered, integration |
Argues that multiplicity is not inherently disordered |
|
Normal Dimensions of Multiple Personality Without Amnesia |
nondisordered, amnesia |
Argues that the disorderly part of DID is the amnesia not the multiplicity and the multiplicity is seperate from the amnesia |
|
Multiplicity: An Explorative Interview Study on Personal Experiences of People with Multiple Selves |
nondisordered, community report |
Paper talking about the plural community. Paper is written with strong transphobic bias and bias against headmates having different identities. |
|
Personality Characteristics of Tulpamancers and Their Tulpas |
tulpamancy |
Paper talks about how tulpamancy improves practitioner's lives |
|
Exploring the Utility and Personal Relevance of Co-Produced Multiplicity Resources with Young People |
nondisordered, community report |
Talks about the plural community and what the study found the respondents want out of therapy |
|
Unusual experiences and their association with metacognition: investigating ASMR and Tulpamancy |
tulpamancy, nondisordered |
Talks about how tulpamancy does not correlate to increased rates of hallucinations- ie that tulpamancy is not psychosis |
|
‘I’ve learned I need to treat my characters like people’: Varieties of agency and interaction in Writers’ experiences of their Characters’ Voices |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Talks about nondisordered plurality (doesnt call it this) in writers |
|
DID- Out of the shadows at last? |
persuasive |
Paper talks about how DID is real, citing different studies |
|
Frontiers in the psychotherapy of trauma and dissociation |
dissociation, trauma, masterpost |
Large number of papers in the offical clinical journal of the ISSTD |
|
Dreams In Multiple Personality |
dreams |
Talks about dream phenomina in MPD patients |
|
Guidelines for treating DID in adults, 3rd revision |
treatment |
Guidelines from 2010 for treating DID |
|
Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder |
medication, treatment |
Mentions various medications that might help secondary symptoms |
|
Dissociative disorders in Vietnam combat veterans |
later in life, request access |
DID symptoms in combat vets, suggests one can become plural later in life |
|
Entitlement to service connection for an acquired psychiatric disorder |
later in life |
DID acquired later in life as a result of millitary service |
|
On appeal from the Department of Veterans Affairs Regional Office in Oakland, California |
later in life |
DID acquired later in life as a result of millitary service |
|
A psychotherapy approach to treating hostile voices |
treatment |
On how to deal with hostile voices/alters- asserts working with and talking with them if they behave in coherent ways is the best approach |
|
Regaining Consensus on the Reliability of Memory |
false memory |
Talks about false memory syndrome not being a thing |
|
The Absorption Hypothesis: Learning to Hear God in Evangelical Christianity |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Spritual plurality paper |
|
Towards a general model for psychopathology |
model |
Talks about a proposed unifying theoretical framework of psychopathology |
|
VIOLATION AND VIRTUALITY: Two cases of physical and psychological boundary transgression and their implications |
persuasive, nondisordered |
Old paper on depathologizing MPD |
|
The online community: DID and plurality |
community report, own voices |
Mentions plural community preferences vs professional attitudes, good for outlining this and generally positive to the community, but suggests many in the community are just 'fantasy prone' and not plural. Writer is plural. |
|
Dissociation - Progress in the Dissociative Disorders Archive |
masterpost |
ISSTD Journal Archive (1988-1997) |
|
Meeting the needs of clients with dissociative identity disorder: considerations for psychotherapy |
request access |
On meeting patients where they are at- pro |
|
The ambiguous loss of post-integration : a theoretical analysis of the effects of integration on clients with dissociative identity disorder |
integration |
Talks about integration not always being a positive for all systems |
|
A Jungian Perspective on the Dissociability of the Self |
endogenic, nondisordered, analysis |
Paper examines Jung through the lens of plurality, mentions Jung essentially asserted plurality could be endogenic |
|
Cognitive Processes in Dissociation: An Analysis of Core Theoretical Assumptions |
dissociation, model |
Talks about dissociation as theory and framework and asserts that dissociation is not only a trauma response. |
|
MODES OF EXISTENCE: TOWARDS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL POLYPSYCHISM |
model, persuasive, nondisordered, endogenic |
In favor of the 'everyone is a little bit plural' model and argues for it |
|
THE ILLUSION OF INDEPENDENT AGENCY: DO ADULT FICTION WRITERS EXPERIENCE THEIR CHARACTERS AS HAVING MINDS OF THEIR OWN? |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Talks about plural experiences of writers. |
|
Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: The Hypnotic Nature of Human Sociality, Personhood, and Interphenomenality. |
tulpamancy, endogenic, nondisordered, personhood, community report |
Argues personhood and realness for tulpas, talks about tulpamancer demographics |
|
Neuroholographic Organisms: An Independent Study of Sentient Thoughtforms |
tulpamancy, endogenic, nondisordered |
Extremely broken partial paper on tulpamancy |
|
Imaginary Companions, Inner Speech, and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: What Are the Relations? |
nondisordered, voice hearing |
About imaginary friends being normal and not disorderly; only tangentally related to plurality |
|
Auditory Hallucinations in Dissociative Identity Disorder and Schizophrenia With and Without a Childhood Trauma History |
DID, schizophrenia, trauma, voice hearing |
Talks about the fact that compared to both traumatized and nontraumatized schizophrenics, those with DID were more likely to experience Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms (such as voice hearing or hallucinations) than psychotic groups. Also shows that the voices they hear appear sooner and were more varied on average. Internal and external voices were notably present in both DID and schizophrenic samples. Dissociation and trauma are much bigger predictors of voice hearing according to this study than psychosis. |
|
Normative Dissociation |
nondisordered, dissociation, model |
Asserts dissociation is normal and dissociative disorders are rather a disruption of this that make it become disorderly |
|
Uncharted features and dynamics of reading: Voices, characters, and crossing of experiences |
nondisordered, endogenic |
Talks about involuntary experiences of characters acting after reading |
|
INTERSECTIONAL REPRESENTATION: LGBTQ+ AND NEURODIVERSE VOICES IN TRANSMEDIA FICTION |
queer, community report, representation, own voices |
Talks about intersectional representation in media, writer is plural. |
|
“Multiple Systems” versus Dissociative Identity Disorder: Life-Style or Mental Illness? |
community report, nondisordered |
Seems to think that if you have DID you cant be a multiple system, has some ableist bent against DID being dangerous, equates DID to psychosis, claims sexual abuse is required to be plural, claims there isnt enough evidence to conclude that all plurals are nondisordered. Worth something due to awknowleging the community and demonstrating the ableism in the system. |
|
Dissociative Experience and Cultural Neuroscience: Narrative, Metaphor and Mechanism |
dissociation, model |
Talks about dissocation being not a question of real neurology OR cultural in origin, but a mix of both. |
|
Selected Topics in Ego State Therapy |
treatment |
Ego state therapy for use outside of DID therapy |
|
A plurality of selves? An illustration of polypsychism in a recovered addict |
model, nondisordered, request access |
Proposes a 'everyone is plural' model |
|
BOUNDARIES ON THE CONCEPTS OF DISSOCIATION AND DISSOCIATIVE PARTS OF THE PERSONALITY: REQUIRED AND VIABLE |
model |
Asserts that plurality can be a feature of far more disorders than dissociative ones and that dissociation is a key aspect of more disorder than originally thought |
|
Autism: A Dissociated Self |
dissociation |
Talks about how dissociation is very common in autistic folks |
|
A survey of practices and recommended treatment interventions among expert therapists treating patients with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified |
treatment |
Talks about what treatments therapists reccomend for dissociative disorders |
|
Understanding Integration |
integration |
Ex-multiple therapist strongly in favor of integration talking about it. Views alters as not people/dehumanizes them, may be deeply triggering. |
|
DID/OSDD Library community resource |
masterpost |
Archive of DID/OSDD related papers. Archive holder is a system exclusionist among other things, may color what is offered. |
|
Alterity: Learning Polyvalent Selves, Resisting Disabling Notions of the Self |
nondisordered |
Somewhat in favor of plurality outside of DID, coins the word 'alterity' to describe plurality. |
|
The Self as a Center of Narrative Gravity |
nondisordered, model |
Considers the self is fictictious entirely and extends this to alters, but considers plurality normal outside of DID, mentions split brain phenomina |
|
Our Multiple Selves: Applying systems thinking to inner family |
IFS, model, endogenic, nondisordered |
Comes from an 'everyone is plural' perspective and proposes that MPD is just an excessive polarization of this. Talks about how IFS got started as family therapy as applied to an individual and the theory on how it works. Proposes it as a valid model. |
|
The Effects of DID on Children of Trauma Survivors |
DID, plural parents, endogenic |
Paper asserts that people with DID can be good parents, but details a number of problems that can occur. Asserts that alters are never seperate people. Mentions that children of those with DID are more likely to develop dissociative disorders themselves- even without experiencing trauma. Also asserts that its important to judge someone with DID based on individual status |
|
The Multiple Self: Exploring between and beyond Modernity and Postmodernity |
endogenic, nondisordered, model |
Comes from a 'everyone is plural' perspective. Asserts that being plural is natural and not wrong and a unified single self is a western concept that is destructive to ones wellbeing and in this postmodern age it should be discarded. Talks on how it is detrimental from a racial perspective. Strongly critiques the concept of a unified self. |
|
Fact or Factitious? A Psychobiological Study of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Identity States |
DID, proof |
Proves that DID and someone pretending to have DID or suggested into it look different under MRI. Brain imaging study. Uses controls of 'high fantasy prone' and 'low fantasy prone' people. Shows DID is real and not an invention of therapists or just being 'fantasy prone'. |
|
Sight and blindness in the same person: Gating in the visual system |
DID, proof, psychosomatic |
Study of a person with DID who has a blind alter in an otherwise seeing system, confirmed blind by tests. Confirms psychogenic blindness is 'real' blindness and asserts that it should not be seperated out from other kinds of blindness. |
|
Fragmented Sleep, Fragmented Mind The Role of Sleep in Dissociative Symptoms |
dissociation, sleep, treatment |
Talks on how fragmented sleep increases dissociative experiences, showing dissociation is not only caused by trauma. Proposes that improving sleep may improve dissociative symptoms. |
|
A New Model of Dissociative Identity Disorder |
DID, model |
Compares three models of DID; the 'classic' model, the subjective model, and the sociocognitive model. Shows that data indicates that the subjective model is best at diagnosing DID. Refutes the sociocognitive model. Propses new diagnositc criteria listed in the study. |
|
The mind possessed: well-being, personality, and cognitive characteristics of individuals regularly experiencing religious possession |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Details examples of spiritual plurality and concludes that its is not symptoms of psychosis or disorderly as they have similar screening results to those not experiencing it. |
|
Varieties of Tulpa Experiences: Sentient Imaginary Friends, Embodied Joint Attention, and Hypnotic Sociality in a Wired World |
tulpamancy, endogenic, community report, personhood |
Explores how the tulpamancy community exists as a community and how it supports those inside of it. Reports on norms and culture within tulpa communities. Backs up the idea that conditions like autism are shared in a system, but those within it may be affected differently or less by it. Argues tulpas are real and posits the how as that humans are hardwired to model other agents in the mind as a predictive measure, teaching the brain to be plural through this is possible. Also brings up other groups in which repeated focusing is used to commune with outside agents. Proposes that one Learns to conceive of the self in certain ways, and thus becomes singular or plural through this. Thus, singlethood and plurality are cultural practice, not default. |
|
Neurophysiological And Psychological Approaches To Spirit Possession In Haiti |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Saved copy of the paper by Astrea [disclaimer on Astrea]. Argues that spirit possession presents as it does in a wide range of cultures because human brains work a particular way that accomodates for those experiences and that this is not inherently disordered. Argues that researching this phenominon could help broaden the understanding of consciousness and help people revise theories around personality and mental illness. |
|
Conceptualizing multiplicity spectrum experiences: Asystematic review and thematic synthesis |
endogenic, nondisordered |
Talks about plurality outside of DID |
|
Dissociation in Trauma: A New Definition and Comparison with Previous Formulations |
dissociation, definitions |
Article on redefining dissociation, wants to narrow the definition of dissociation to only include 'dissociation of the personality'. Critiques other current models of dissociation and points out that correlation of alterations of consciousness (derealization, depersonalization, daydreaming, trance, etc) with alters does not imply they are the same thing and wishes to cut all of these out. Notable for showing off that professionals do not all agree on how dissociation works and what qualifies as disssociation and that there are many models. |
|
Learning to Discern the Voices of Gods, Spirits, Tulpas, and the Dead |
voice hearing, endogenic, psychosis, tulpamancy, nondisordered |
Talks about non pathological and nondistressing voice hearing in a variety of communities. Talks about how each noted practice teaches the practitioner to experience the voices through practice and proposes that learning from these communities may help improve treatment for those with psychosis. Also proposes that its likely that expectations effect experience in regards to voice hearing. |
|
Relationships between sleep paralysis and sleep quality: current insights |
dissociation, tangental, sleep |
Largely tangental but briefly talks about the relationship between dissociation and sleep paralysis and how sleep quality and dissociation levels are linked |
|
Terror and bliss? Commonalities and distinctions between sleep paralysis, lucid dreaming, and their associations with waking life experiences |
sleep, tangental , dissociation |
Talks about the link between sleep paralysis, lucid dreaming, and dissociation in one portion |
|
Dissociative and psychotic experiences in Brazilian spiritist mediums |
endogenic, dissociation, psychosis, nondisordered |
Talks about spirit mediums as nonpathological plurality. Talks about there not being a high prevalence of childhood abuse in the mediums examined in the study |
|
Comparing the Symptoms and Mechanisms of “Dissociation” in Dissociative Identity Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder |
bpd, dissociation |
Talks about the differences of dissociative experiences in DID and BPD diagnosed individuals |
|
Multiplicity in the experience of voice-hearing: A phenomenological inquiry |
psychosis, voice hearing, dissociation, endogenic |
Examines what kind of voices that voice-hearers hear. Notes that approximately half of voices reported are reoccurring characters. Agrees with the theory that many voices are dissociative rather than psychotic in nature |
|
Psychotic Presentations of Dissociative Identity Disorder |
psychosis, dissociation, bpd |
Talks about presentations of psychosis in CDDs and the link between dissociation and psychosis. Notes that having alters/feeling one has alters is NOT a delusion. Talks about how BPD should be redefined and separated out into several different other categories- including the dissociative disorder category. Notes how some systems have singular alters which experience psychosis unlike others in the system. Paper proposes 'Dissociative Psychosis' or 'Acute Dissociative Disorder with Psychotic Features' as a diagnosis under dissociative disorders to cover the high prevalence of CDD folks with psychotic experiences. |
|
Dissociative Identity Disorder in an Adolescent With Nine Alternate Personality Traits: A Case Study |
dissociation, differential |
Paper on the case of a teenager in Korea with DID who was previously misdiagnosed with schizophrenia. Notes alters forming in teenage years rather than having always been around. Notes a adversarial nonhuman alter that later gained a human form |
|
The utility of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology for distinguishing individuals with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) from DID simulators and healthy controls |
dissociation, proof |
Paper on a study regarding distinguishing those who have DID from those who are malingering. It determines that the SIMS test for determining malingering individuals is notably very inaccurate for those with DID. It argues the SIMS test is inaccurate and biased against trauma and dissociation sufferers |
|
Psychopathological riddles of multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder). The case of Daniel A. |
dissociation, seizures, psychosis |
Paper detailing the case of a russian man with DID. Talks about the possibility of diagnosing psychotic symptoms within non-psychotic disorders. Russian text. |
|
Differences and similarities in the sensory and cognitive signatures of voice-hearing, intrusions and thoughts |
psychosis, ocd |
LINK STARTS AUTOMATIC DOWNLOAD. May also request paper at [LINK] Paper on voice hearing and intrusive thoughts in schizophrenia, ocd, and healthy controls. Challenges the idea that hallucinations should require a compelling sense of reality and strictly adhere to the 'Four A's' criterion as the interviewed subjects show that this is inaccurate as a test and voice hearing is likely more than just a disorder of input. It shows that the line between hallucination, intrusive thought, and 'loud thoughts' is less categorical and more a dimensional spectrum. Also notes that voice hearers report their thoughts being more vivid than non-voice hearers regardless of diagnosis, suggesting hyperphantasia as an important element and that having very vivid thoughts is a risk factor/warning sign for hallucinatory symptoms. |
|
The prevalence of Dissociative Disorders and dissociative experiences in college populations: a meta-analysis of 98 studies |
proof, dissociation |
Multi-country analysis paper. Shows the trauma model is significantly more accurate than the fantasy model (ie- its a real issue not faking). 11.4% of college students interviewed met the criteria for a dissociative disorder. In addition, numbers seem to hold steady over the years, which does not support the idea that dissociative disorders were a 'fad' of the 90s. None of the five hypotheses tested supported the fantasy model. It was found that DD were slightly more common in college populations than the general population, as well. |
Other Professional Sources
| Title | Category | Notes | Link |
Integration: A Requirement for DID Therapy – Or Not? |
integration |
Professional source on wanting to not integrate |
|
Understanding Multiplicity: The experience of having more than one person, self or identify within the body |
nondisordered, endogenic, community report |
Archived multiplicity pamphlet |
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5) |
diagnostics |
Copy of the DSM5 |
|
ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |
diagnostics |
Copy of the ICD-11 |
|
What We Can Learn About Respect and Identity From Plurals |
community report, nondisordered, personhood |
Talks about the community, in favor of the community and the personhood assertions in it in particular |
|
Dissociative Identity Disorder Factsheet |
101 |
101 page for DID |
|
Trauma During Adulthood Fact Sheet |
trauma |
ISSTD factsheet on trauma symptoms in adults |
|
Article: Exploring the experiences of young people with multiplicity |
community report, nondisordered, endogenic |
Talks about the communities needs in therapy and community culture |
Non-Psychiatric Professional Arcicles Of Note
| Title | Category | Notes | Link |
Wikiwand Walk-In Page |
terminology |
Mention of the singlet occult concept of walk-ins. |
|
Dangerous Therapy: The Story of Patricia Burgus and Multiple Personality Disorder |
abuse, false memory, satanic panic, misdiagnosis |
Example of horrific medical abuse and overdiagnosis of MPD done by therapists for clout during the Satanic Panic. Article holds belief in FMS and seems to doubt DID/MPD is a thing, but is legit beyond that. |
|
Are Multiple Personalites Always a Disorder? |
community report, nondisordered, endogenic |
Article on vice about nondisordered plurality. Not the best, but its there. |